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<i class='fas fa-caret-right ms-1'></i></div><div id=sidebar-toc class="hidden md:block overflow-y-auto mx-6 md:mx-0 pe-6 pt-2 md:max-h-doc-sidebar bg-primary-bg md:bg-transparent"><div class="flex flex-wrap ms-4 -me-2 p-2 bg-secondary-bg md:bg-primary-bg rounded"><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/python/>Python</a></div><ul class=ps-6><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/python/20/>期末测验</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/python/10/>【第9+周笔记】全课程总结与学习展望</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/python/19/>【第9周程序】计算生态纵览</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/python/9/>【第9周笔记】计算生态纵览</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/python/18/>【第8周程序】程序设计方法学</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/python/8/>【第8周笔记】程序设计方法学</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/python/17/>【第7周程序】文件和数据格式化</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/python/7/>【第7周笔记】文件和数据格式化</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/python/16/>【第6周程序】组合数据类型</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/python/6/>【第6周笔记】组合数据类型</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/python/15/>【第5周程序】函数和代码复用</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/python/5/>【第5周笔记】函数和代码复用</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class="text-eureka hover:text-eureka" href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/python/14/>【第4周程序】程序的控制结构</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/python/4/>【第4周笔记】程序的控制结构</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/python/13/>【第3周程序】基本数据类型</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/python/3/>【第3周笔记】基本数据类型</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/python/12/>【第2周程序】Python 基本图形绘制</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/python/2/>【第2周笔记】Python 基本图形绘制</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/python/11/>【第1周程序】Python 基本语法元素</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/python/1/>【第1周笔记】Python 基本语法元素</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="w-full md:w-3/4 lg:w-4/5 pb-8 pt-2 md:pt-8"><div class=flex><div class="w-full lg:w-3/4 px-6"><article class=prose><h1 class=mb-4>【第4周程序】程序的控制结构</h1><div class="text-tertiary-text not-prose mt-2 flex flex-row flex-wrap items-center"><div class="me-6 my-2"><i class="fas fa-calendar me-1"></i>
<span>2022-04-11</span></div><div class="me-6 my-2"><i class="fa-solid fa-pen-to-square me-1"></i>
<span>2022-04-11</span></div><div class="me-6 my-2"><i class="fas fa-clock me-1"></i>
<span>4 min read</span></div><div class="me-6 my-2"><i class="fas fa-folder me-1"></i>
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<a href=https://b.hui.ke/series/python/ class=hover:text-eureka>Python</a></div><div class="me-6 my-2"><i class="fa-solid fa-eye me-1"></i>
<span id=busuanzi_value_page_pv><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span> Hits</div></div><p>  程序设计练习题和考试题</p><h2 id=身体质量指数-bmi>身体质量指数 BMI</h2><p>这是"实例"题，与课上讲解实例相同，请作答检验学习效果。</p><p>BMI ：Body Mass Index 国际上常用的衡量人体肥胖和健康程度重要标准，主要用于统计分析</p><p>定义：BMI = 体重（kg）/身高2（m2）</p><p>获取用户输入的体重和身高值，计算并给出国际和国内的 BMI 分类</p><table><thead><tr><th style=text-align:center>分类</th><th style=text-align:center>国际 BMI 值</th><th style=text-align:center>国内 BMI 值</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style=text-align:center>偏瘦</td><td style=text-align:center>&lt;18.5</td><td style=text-align:center>&lt;18.5</td></tr><tr><td style=text-align:center>正常</td><td style=text-align:center>18.5 ~ 25</td><td style=text-align:center>18.5 ~ 24</td></tr><tr><td style=text-align:center>偏胖</td><td style=text-align:center>25 ~ 30</td><td style=text-align:center>24 ~ 28</td></tr><tr><td style=text-align:center>肥胖</td><td style=text-align:center>≥30</td><td style=text-align:center>≥28</td></tr></tbody></table><p>要求如下：</p><ol><li>混合计算并给出国际和国内的 BMI 分类；</li><li>使用 input() 获得测试用例输入时，不要增加提示字符串。</li></ol><h3 id=参考答案>参考答案</h3><pre><code class=language-python>height,weight = eval(input())
bmi = weight/pow(height,2)
print(&quot;BMI数值为:{:.2f}&quot;.format(bmi))
if bmi &lt; 18.5:
    who, nat = &quot;偏瘦&quot;, &quot;偏瘦&quot;
elif 18.5 &lt;= bmi &lt; 24:
    who, nat = &quot;正常&quot;, &quot;正常&quot;
elif 24 &lt;= bmi &lt; 25:
    who, nat = &quot;正常&quot;, &quot;偏胖&quot;
elif 25 &lt;= bmi &lt; 28:
    who, nat = &quot;偏胖&quot;, &quot;偏胖&quot;
elif 28 &lt;= bmi &lt; 30:
    who, nat = &quot;偏胖&quot;, &quot;肥胖&quot;
else:
    who, nat = &quot;肥胖&quot;, &quot;肥胖&quot;
print(&quot;BMI指标为:国际'{}',国内'{}'&quot;.format(who,nat))
</code></pre><h3 id=答案解析>答案解析</h3><p>多分支条件之间的覆盖是重要问题。</p><h2 id=圆周率的计算>圆周率的计算</h2><p>这是"实例"题，与课上讲解实例相同，请作答检验学习效果。</p><p>求解圆周率可以采用蒙特卡罗方法，在一个正方形中撒点，根据在 1/4 圆内点的数量占总撒点数的比例计算圆周率值。</p><p>请以 123 作为随机数种子，获得用户输入的撒点数量，编写程序输出圆周率的值，保留小数点后 6 位。</p><h3 id=参考答案-1>参考答案</h3><pre><code class=language-python>from random import random, seed
DARTS = eval(input())
seed(123)
hits = 0.0
for i in range(DARTS):
    x, y = random(), random()
    dist = pow(x ** 2 + y ** 2, 0.5)
    if dist &lt;= 1.0:
        hits += 1
pi = 4 * (hits/DARTS)
print(&quot;{:.6f}&quot;.format(pi))
</code></pre><h3 id=答案解析-1>答案解析</h3><p>注意：from&mldr;import 引入具体的函数，使用 seed() 需要提前引入</p><h2 id=整数的加减和>整数的加减和</h2><p>编写程序计算如下数列的值：</p><p>1-2+3-4&mldr;966</p><p>其中，所有数字为整数，从 1 开始递增，奇数为正，偶数为负</p><h3 id=参考答案-2>参考答案</h3><pre><code class=language-python>s = 0
count = 1
while count &lt;=966:
    if count%2 == 0:
        s -= count
    else:
        s += count
    count += 1
print(s)
</code></pre><h3 id=最优解>最优解</h3><pre><code class=language-python>s = 967*483
for n in range(2,967):
    if n % 2 == 0:
        s -= n * 2
print(s)
</code></pre><h2 id=三位水仙花数>三位水仙花数</h2><p>&ldquo;水仙花数"是指一个三位整数，其各位数字的3次方和等于该数本身。</p><p>例如：ABC 是一个"3 位水仙花数&rdquo;，则：$A^3+B^3+C^3=ABC$。</p><p>请按照从小到大的顺序输出所有的 3 位水仙花数，请用"逗号"分隔输出结果。</p><h3 id=参考答案-3>参考答案</h3><pre><code class=language-python>s = &quot;&quot;
for i in range(100, 1000):
    t = str(i)
    if pow(eval(t[0]),3) + pow(eval(t[1]),3) + pow(eval(t[2]),3) == i :
        s += &quot;{},&quot;.format(i)
print(s[:-1])
</code></pre><h3 id=答案解析-2>答案解析</h3><p>这里采用了 s[:-1] 方式不输出最后一个逗号。也可以把所有结果放到一个列表中，采用字符串的 .join() 方法输出结果。</p><h3 id=最优解-1>最优解</h3><pre><code class=language-python>s = &quot;&quot;
for i in range(100, 1000):
    if pow(eval(str(i)[0]),3) + pow(eval(str(i)[1]),3) + pow(eval(str(i)[2]),3) == i :
        s += &quot;{},&quot;.format(i)
print(s[:-1])
</code></pre><h2 id=用户登录的三次机会>用户登录的三次机会</h2><p>给用户三次输入用户名和密码的机会，要求如下：</p><ol><li>如输入第一行输入用户名为 ‘Kate’,第二行输入密码为 ‘666666’，输出‘登录成功！’，退出程序；</li><li>当一共有 3 次输入用户名或密码不正确输出“3次用户名或者密码均有误！退出程序。”。</li></ol><h3 id=参考答案-4>参考答案</h3><pre><code class=language-python>count = 0
while count &lt; 3:
    name = input()
    password = input()
    if name == 'Kate'and password == '666666':
        print(&quot;登录成功！&quot;)
        break
    else:
        count += 1
        if count == 3:
            print(&quot;3次用户名或者密码均有误！退出程序。&quot;)
</code></pre><h3 id=答案解析-3>答案解析</h3><p>这里是参考答案，运用 while 进行非确定次数循环。</p><h2 id=四位玫瑰数>四位玫瑰数</h2><p>四位玫瑰数是 4 位数的自幂数。自幂数是指一个 n 位数，它的每个位上的数字的 n 次幂之和等于它本身。</p><p>例如：当 n 为 3 时，有 $1^3+5^3+3^3=153$ ，153 即是 n 为 3 时的一个自幂数，3 位数的自幂数被称为水仙花数。</p><p>请输出所有 4 位数的四位玫瑰数，按照从小到大顺序，每个数字一行。</p><h3 id=参考答案-5>参考答案</h3><pre><code class=language-python>s = &quot;&quot;
for i in range(1000, 10000):
    t = str(i)
    if pow(eval(t[0]),4) + pow(eval(t[1]),4) + pow(eval(t[2]),4) + pow(eval(t[3]),4) == i :
        print(i)
</code></pre><h3 id=最优解-2>最优解</h3><pre><code class=language-python>for i in range(1000,10000):
    if pow(eval(str(i)[0]),4) + pow(eval(str(i)[1]),4) + pow(eval(str(i)[2]),4) + pow(eval(str(i)[3]),4) == i:
        print(i)
</code></pre><h2 id=100-以内素数之和>100 以内素数之和</h2><p>求 100 以内所有素数之和并输出。</p><p>素数指从大于 1，且仅能被 1 和自己整除的整数。</p><p>提示：可以逐一判断 100 以内每个数是否为素数，然后求和。</p><h3 id=参考答案-6>参考答案</h3><pre><code class=language-python>#Prime
def is_prime(n):
    for i in range(2,n):
        if n%i == 0:
            return False
    return True
sum = 0
for i in range(2,100):
    if is_prime(i):
        sum += i
print(sum)
</code></pre><h3 id=最优解-3>最优解</h3><pre><code class=language-python>s = 2
for i in range(3,101):
    for a in range(2,i):
        if i % a == 0:
            break
    else:
        s += i
print(s)
</code></pre></article><div class=my-4><a href=https://b.hui.ke/tags/program/ class="inline-block bg-tertiary-bg text-sm rounded px-3 py-1 my-1 me-2 hover:text-eureka">#Program</a></div><div class=py-2><div class="my-8 flex flex-col items-center md:flex-row"><a href=https://b.hui.ke/authors/hui.ke/ class="md:me-4 text-primary-text h-24 w-24"><img src=https://b.hui.ke/bagua.webp class="bg-primary-bg w-full rounded-full" alt=Avatar></a><div class="mt-4 w-full md:mt-0 md:w-auto"><a href=https://b.hui.ke/authors/hui.ke/ class="mb-2 block border-b pb-1 text-lg font-bold"><h3>Hui.Ke</h3></a><span class="block pb-2">❤ Cyber Security | Safety is a priority.</span>
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hidden px-6 pb-6 lg:block"><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#身体质量指数-bmi>身体质量指数 BMI</a><ul><li><a href=#参考答案>参考答案</a></li><li><a href=#答案解析>答案解析</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#圆周率的计算>圆周率的计算</a><ul><li><a href=#参考答案-1>参考答案</a></li><li><a href=#答案解析-1>答案解析</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#整数的加减和>整数的加减和</a><ul><li><a href=#参考答案-2>参考答案</a></li><li><a href=#最优解>最优解</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#三位水仙花数>三位水仙花数</a><ul><li><a href=#参考答案-3>参考答案</a></li><li><a href=#答案解析-2>答案解析</a></li><li><a href=#最优解-1>最优解</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#用户登录的三次机会>用户登录的三次机会</a><ul><li><a href=#参考答案-4>参考答案</a></li><li><a href=#答案解析-3>答案解析</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#四位玫瑰数>四位玫瑰数</a><ul><li><a href=#参考答案-5>参考答案</a></li><li><a href=#最优解-2>最优解</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#100-以内素数之和>100 以内素数之和</a><ul><li><a href=#参考答案-6>参考答案</a></li><li><a href=#最优解-3>最优解</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><script>window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",()=>{enableStickyToc()})</script></div></div></div></div></div><script>document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",()=>{hljs.highlightAll(),changeSidebarHeight(),switchDocToc()})</script></div></div></main><footer class=pl-scrollbar><div class="mx-auto w-full max-w-screen-xl"><div class="text-center p-6 pin-b"><script async src=/js/click.js></script><div id=poem_ip></div><script type=text/javascript>jinrishici.load(function(e){tags.innerHTML=e.data.matchTags})</script><div><span id=timeDate>载入年天数...</span><span id=times>载入时分秒...</span>
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